Cryptography is the practice and study of techniques for secure communication by transforming plaintext (readable data) into ciphertext (unreadable data) to protect it from unauthorized access.
Key aspects of cryptography:
1. *Encryption*: Converting plaintext into ciphertext.
2. *Decryption*: Converting ciphertext back into plaintext.
3. *Secure communication*: Protecting data from interception, eavesdropping, and tampering.
*Purpose of cryptography:*
1. *Confidentiality*: Protecting sensitive information from unauthorized access.
2. *Integrity*: Ensuring data is not tampered with or altered.
3. *Authenticity*: Verifying the identity of the sender and the integrity of the message.
*Cryptography is used in various fields, including:*
1. *Secure online transactions*
2. *Data protection*
3. *Secure communication*
4. *Digital signatures*
By using cryptography, individuals and organizations can protect their sensitive information and ensure secure communication in the digital age.
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